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Unique Error Correction-Based Quantum Computing Architecture Accelerating Practical Quantum Computing

Accelerating the Practical Application of Quantum Computers through Downsizing. Enabling Complex Calculations to Promote Innovation in Various Fields.

Key Features and Differentiation:

Achieving quantum advantage with less than 1/10 the number of qubits compared to conventional methods.
Theoretically, it's possible to downsize a gymnasium-sized quantum computer to a laboratory size.
Furthermore, efficient phase rotation gates, different from those of other companies, bring practical quantum computing closer to reality.

Key Business Benefits:

Promoting innovation in various fields by enabling complex simulations previously impossible, such as in materials development, drug discovery, decarbonization, and new material development.

Technical Overview

Target Industry/Users

Quantum computer vendors aiming to achieve quantum advantage, and research and development companies wishing to perform complex simulations currently impossible in materials development and drug discovery.

Challenges in Target Industry and Operations

To achieve quantum advantage with practical calculations, the required size of the device is large, and such quantum computers do not yet exist. A major technological breakthrough is needed.

Technical Challenges

Because qubits are susceptible to noise, fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is necessary to perform complex calculations while performing error correction. However, conventional FTQC generally requires a large number of qubits, on the order of 1 million, to realize a basic quantum gate set capable of executing all calculations.

Solutions

In conventional FTQC architecture, quantum computing is performed by a combination of four error-corrected basic quantum gates, one of which requires a large number of qubits for error correction. We developed the Space-Time efficient Analog Rotation quantum computing architecture (STAR architecture) to replace the gate, and confirmed that errors can be significantly reduced with 10% qubits of conventional FTQC.

Fujitsu's Technological Advantage

While other companies are also considering resource reduction by devising methods for the redundant part of qubits, our approach aims to reduce resources by improving the basic gate set, representing a different direction. Furthermore, combining this with improvements to the redundant part of qubits in the future could lead to further resource reduction. This allows Fujitsu to take the initiative in the so-called Early-FTQC era.

The benefits of STAR architecture（Detailed version）

The unique quantum computing architecture, STAR architecture efficiently executes "phase rotation gates", essential for quantum computation, reducing the number of qubits and quantum gate operations by more than an order of magnitude, and establishing implementation technology for its application to real-world problems.

Use Cases

Quantum Computer Vendors:
- Constructing quantum computers capable of achieving quantum advantage with practical calculations in the Early-FTQC era using this technology.
Researchers and Developers:
- Realizing complex simulations that were previously difficult, leading innovation in materials development for decarbonization, etc.

Case studies

In the analysis of materials property calculations (Hubbard model), previously impossible, the prospect of achieving quantum advantage with tens of thousands of qubits has been established. Realizing Hubbard model analysis could lead to the discovery of new high-temperature superconducting materials and reduced power transmission costs.